核心规则
there be 表示“存在”，there 是形式上的引导词，be 后的名词短语表达实际存在的对象。时态和情态由 be 体现，谓语单复数通常与最靠近的名词一致。
结构与例句
| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| there is/are | There is a note on the desk. |
| there was/were | There were two errors in the report. |
| there will be | There will be a meeting tomorrow. |
| there may have been | There may have been a misunderstanding. |
使用场景
该结构常用于首次引入场景中的人或物。后续再次提及时通常改用普通主语：There is a café nearby. It closes at nine。
常见错误
错误： There has many reasons. → 正确： There are many reasons / It has many features。
错误： There will have a meeting. → 正确： There will be a meeting。
易混知识点
there be 强调存在，have 表示领有或组成。There is a garden behind the house；The house has a garden。
总结
把 be 作为谓语变化，be 后放存在对象，并根据语境选择时态和一致形式。
高中 · 存在句的时态与一致
高中学习重点
there be 可以与完成、情态和非谓语结构结合：There has been a sharp increase；There seems to be no simple answer；We expect there to be changes。正式写作中还可使用 exist、remain、appear 等存在类动词：There remains one concern。
并列名词后的就近一致在考试中常见：There is a desk and two chairs in the room；调整顺序后为 There are two chairs and a desk。
小练习
- 填空：There ___ (be) several changes since last year.
- 改错：There will have more opportunities in the future.
- 填空：There ___ a pen and three notebooks on the table.
参考答案
have been。will have改为will be。is，按最靠近的 a pen 保持一致。