核心规则
主谓一致以语法一致为基础,同时受意义一致和就近一致影响。判断时应先找到真正的主语中心词,忽略介词短语、插入语等修饰成分。
结构与例句
The quality of these products is improving 中主语中心词是 quality。动名词、不定式或从句整体作主语时通常视为单数:Reading before bed helps;What he said matters。
由 and 连接的不同对象通常用复数;若表示一个整体概念,则可用单数:Bread and butter is my usual breakfast。
使用场景
each/every + 单数名词、each of + 复数名词 后通常用单数。a number of 后用复数,the number of 后用单数。集合名词根据强调整体还是成员选择形式。
常见错误
错误: The list of items are long. → 正确: The list of items is long。
错误: A number of students is absent. → 正确: A number of students are absent。
易混知识点
not only...but also、either...or、neither...nor 常遵循就近一致:Neither the teachers nor the student is ready。
总结
先圈出主语中心词,再判断它表示单个整体还是多个对象,最后检查是否存在就近一致结构。
高中 · 语法一致、意义一致与就近一致
高中学习重点
百分比、分数和 most/some/all of 的谓语取决于 of 后名词:Two thirds of the land is covered;Two thirds of the students are present。时间、距离、金钱作为一个总量时常用单数:Ten kilometers is a long walk。
主语后跟 together with、as well as、including 等结构时,谓语仍与前面的主语一致:The teacher, together with the students, is visiting the museum。
小练习
- 填空:Each of the proposals ___ (need) further discussion.
- 填空:The number of visitors ___ rising, while a number of rooms ___ still available.
- 填空:Neither the coach nor the players ___ satisfied.
参考答案
needs。is; are。are,与邻近的 players 一致。