核心规则
介词把名词短语、代词或动词 -ing 形式与句中其他成分连接起来。它表达的是关系,而不是可以逐词对应的中文词义。
结构与例句
| 关系 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| 时间点 | at noon / on Monday / in July |
| 位置 | at the gate / on the wall / in the room |
| 运动 | into the room / across the river |
| 抽象关系 | responsible for / access to |
The decision depends on the evidence available at the time.
决定取决于当时可获得的证据。
使用场景
介词后的动词用 -ing:by comparing the results。固定搭配需整体学习,但要理解关系,如 reason for、solution to、difference between。
常见错误
错误: discuss about the issue → 正确: discuss the issue。discuss 本身及物。
错误: arrive to the station → 正确: arrive at the station。
易混知识点
because 是连词,后接从句;because of 是介词短语,后接名词性成分。despite 后不加 of,in spite of 则包含 of。
总结
把介词、宾语和被修饰成分作为整体理解,不按中文逐词套用。
高中 · 抽象关系与搭配选择
高中学习重点
高中长句中,介词短语可能作定语、状语或补语。the changes in climate 修饰 changes;with great care 说明方式;be aware of the risk 是形容词补语。分析时先找到介词宾语,再判断整个短语修饰谁。
介词提前的定语从句较正式:the method by which the data were collected。介词选择由原搭配和意义决定,不能只看先行词。
小练习
- 填空:The success of the plan depends ___ public support.
- 改写:This is the tool which we measured the distance with.(介词提前)
- 选择:Despite / Despite of the rain, the match continued.
参考答案
on。This is the tool with which we measured the distance.Despite。